Citation Workshop

Pollak Library Citation Workshop

To be covered in this workshop:

                1. Why it is important to cite sources and avoid plagiarism?

                2. The types of citation styles.

                3. Parts of a citation

                4. How to properly cite books using the style guide
                     required by your professor or department.

                5. How to properly cite articles using the style guide
                     required by your professor or department

                6. Mechanics of citing information inside the paper

                7. Introduction to RefWorks

PowerPoint Online Version

1. What is plagiarism and why it is important to cite sources and avoid plagiarism?

"Plagiarism is defined as the act of taking the specific substance of another and offering it as one's own without giving credit to the sources. When sources are used, acknowledgement of the original author or source must be made following scholarly practice." Cal State Fullerton Catalog 05-07 p. 558.

Student Guide to Avoiding Plagiarism Sandra Rhoten, Associate Dean Judicial Affairs

2. The types of citation styles.

APA: The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed. (2001) is the authority
used by writers in the social sciences and some natural sciences.

MLA: The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6th ed. (1999) is the authority used by
writers in many disciplines in the humanities.

Chicago: The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed. is the authority used by writers in many disciplines
in the humanities and social sciences.

Turabian: A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations by Kate L. Turabian
This is a simpler version of The Chicago Manual of Style.

A copy of each of the above style guides are kept at the Reference Desk

Others:
Anthropology: American Anthropological Assocation Style Guide

Biology: Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers. (REF T11 .S386 1996)

Chemistry: ACS Style Guide (American Chemical Society) REF QD8.5 A25 1997

Geography: Annals of the Assocation of American Geographers Stylesheet

Law: The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (Harvard Law Review) REF KF245.B58 16th ed

Linguistics: Language Style Sheet

Medicine: American Medical Association Manual of Style REF R119 .A533 1998

Physics: AIP Style Manual (American Institute of Physics) REF R119 .A533 1998

There are significant differences between the different style guides and it is very important to follow a style guide exactly in order to get a top grade.
Comparing the major citation styles

EXAMPLES OF A CITATION FOR A BOOK:
APA Format
Adams, A. (1985). Ansel Adams, an autobiography. Boston: Little, Brown.

MLA Format
Adams, Ansel, Ansel Adams, an Autobiography. Boston: Little, Brown, 1985.

Chicago/Turabian Format
Adams, Ansel. Ansel Adams: An Autobiography. Boston: Little Brown and Company. 1985.

EXAMPLES OF A CITATION FOR A JOURNAL ARTICLE:
APA Format
Spaulding, J. (1996). Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art, commerce and western tourism. Pacific Historical Review 65,
616-625.

MLA Format
Spaulding, Jonathan “Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art, Commerce and Western Tourism.” Pacific Historical Review 65
(Nov 1996): 616-625.

Chicago/Turabian Format
Spaulding, Jonathan. “Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art, Commerce and Western Tourism.” Pacific Historical Review
65 (Nov 1996): 616.

3. Parts of a citation:

The information needed for a book citation is:
Author
Title
Publisher
Place of Publication
Date
Information needed for an article citation:
Author
title of the article
name of the journal
issue information
(can be month, year, volume, issue, pages)

Instructions for Hands On portion of the workshop:

Open Word (or use the back of the yellow sheet)
Using the handout for your style guide. Write-out the following sample citations.

4. How to properly cite books using the style guide required by your professor or department.

This a a sample book: Write the citation in correct format

The information needed for a book citation is:
Author
Title
Publisher
Place of Publication
Date

FOR A BOOK:
APA Format
Coman, M. J. & Heavers, K. L. (1998). Developing study skills, taking
notes and tests, using dictionaries and libraries. 2^nd Ed.
Lincolnwood, IL: NTC Publishing Group.

MLA Format
Coman, Marcia J. and Kathy L. Heavers. Developing Study Skills,
Taking Notes and Tests, Using Dictionaries and Libraries.
Lincolnwood, IL: NTC Publishing Group, 1998.

Chicago/Turabian Format
Coman, Marcia J. and Kathy L. Heavers. Developing Study Skills,
Taking Notes and Tests, Using Dictionaries and Libraries.
Lincolnwood: NTC Publishing Group, 1998.

5. How to properly cite articles using the style guide required by your professor or department

This a a sample article: Write the citation in correct format

The Journal of Higher Education Cover

Information needed for an article citation:
Author
title of the article
name of the journal
issue information
(can be month, year, volume, issue, pages)

FOR A JOURNAL ARTICLE:
APA Format
Paulsen, M. B. & St. John, E. P. (2002). Social class and college
          costs: Examining the financial nexus between college choice
          and persistence. The Journal of Higher Education, 73(2), 189-
          236.

MLA Format
Paulsen, Michael B. and Edward P. St. John. “Social class and
          college costs: Examining the financial nexus between college
          choice and persistence.” The Journal of Higher Education,
          73 (2002): 189-236.

Chicago/Turabian Format
Paulsen, Michael B. and Edward P. St. John. “Social class and
          college costs: Examining the financial nexus between college
          choice and persistence.” The Journal of Higher Education,
          73, no.2 (2002): 189-236.

Citing an article retrieved from an online database

This a a sample article retrieved from Academic Search Elite database:

Title:

Court Restricts Free Speech for College Students.

Authors:

Euben, Donna R.

Source:

Academe; Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 91 Issue 5, p11-12, 2p

Abstract:

This article reports on the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court for the Seventh District on the case Hosty v. Carter involving the restriction of free speech for college students in 2005. In the case, editors of the student newspaper The Innovator challenged the actions of Patricia Carter, a dean at Governors State University in Illinois, after she informed the newspaper printer that she had to approve the publication's content before production.

Court Restricts Free Speech for College Students

A U.S. Supreme Court case that restricted high school students' First Amendment protections applies to student newspapers at colleges as well as at elementary and secondary schools, ruled the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in June in Hosty v. Carter. By extending to higher education the results of the earlier case (Hazelwood District v. Kuhlmeier), the appeals court's decision significantly curtails the constitutional protection afforded the extracurricular speech of college and university students at public institutions.

In Hosty v. Carter, editors of the student newspaper The Innovator challenged the actions of Patricia Carter, a dean at Governors State University in Illinois, after she informed the newspaper printer that she had to approve the publication's content before production. The students argued that the dean's action violated their First Amendment rights. In 2003, a unanimous three-judge panel agreed with the students, saying that "while Hazelwood teaches that younger students in a high-school setting must endure First Amendment restrictions, we see nothing in that case that should be interpreted to change the general view favoring broad First Amendment rights for students at the university level."

In reversing the panel decision, a majority of the full appeals court reasoned that the analysis of such cases should depend not on whether the speech is curricular or extracurricular, but on whether the student publication is a public forum. Nevertheless, the majority held that Hazelwood applies to college and university newspapers. In so reasoning, the court raised the chilling specter that college and university administrations may censor college student extracurricular and curricular speech. The court opined that "academic freedom includes the authority of the university to manage an academic community … free from interference by other units of government."

The four-judge dissent in Hosty asserted that the majority failed to distinguish properly between secondary and postsecondary students: "There are two reasons why the law treats high school students differently than it treats college students. … High school students are less mature and the missions of the respective institutions are different. These differences make it clear that Hazelwood does not apply beyond the high school context."

The students have declared their intention to seek review by the U.S. Supreme Court. If the Court should grant such review, the AAUP is prepared to weigh in as an amicus, contending that Hazelwood should not apply to college and university student speech.

http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=6&hid=108&sid=35935026-52a8-4096-bbbc-e4d260fd949a%40sessionmgr103

6. Mechanics of citing information inside the paper

Comparing the major citation styles

Random paragraph within a paper, written in APA style (APA style will use in-text citations)
Ansel Adams was a prominent environmentalist and a board member of the Sierra Club from 1934 until 1972. During these years, he worked alongside David Brower to promote the cause of wilderness protection and the protection of the environment. (Cohen, 1998) Adams transformed his love of wilderness camping into a highly successful career of backcountry photography. His first extensive high Sierra trip was in 1920. Leading a laden burro and carrying a thirty-pound pack of photographic equipment, Adams spent the summer photographing Yosemite. It was a vocation that would continue for years, sometimes as an assistant manager of the Sierra Club outings and others times as a solitary backpacker. He loved the wilderness experiences but his focus was always on his photographic work. (Adams, 1985) The fine art images that resulted from these summer trips were especially influential in encouraging future backpackers to explore the remote mountain wilderness. Adams’ photographs were grandiose interpretations of the wilderness in which Adams, according to historian Jonathan Spaulding, “portrayed the national parks as sanctuaries for the worship of nature…linked in a harmonious web of nature.” (Spauding 1996, p. 620)

Piece of a bibliography, written in APA format

Adams, A, (1985). Ansel Adams, an autobiography. Boston: Little, Brown.

Cohen, M.P. (1998) The history of the Sierra Club, 1892-1970. San Francisco:
Sierra Club Books.

Spaulding, J (1996) Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art, commerce and western
tourism. Pacific Historical Review 65, 616-625.

Random paragraph within a paper, MLA style (MLA style will use in-text citations)
Ansel Adams was a prominent environmentalist and a board member of the Sierra Club from 1934 until 1972. During these years, he worked alongside David Brower to promote the cause of wilderness protection and the protection of the environment. Cohen (89) Adams transformed his love of wilderness camping into a highly successful career of backcountry photography. His first extensive high Sierra trip was in 1920. Leading a laden burro and carrying a thirty-pound pack of photographic equipment, Adams spent the summer photographing Yosemite. It was a vocation that would continue for years, sometimes as an assistant manager of the Sierra Club outings and others times as a solitary backpacker. He loved the wilderness experiences but his focus was always on his photographic work. Adams (140) The fine art images that resulted from these summer trips were especially influential in encouraging future backpackers to explore the remote mountain wilderness. Adams’ photographs were grandiose interpretations of the wilderness in which Adams, according to historian Jonathan Spaulding, “portrayed the national parks as sanctuaries for the worship of nature…linked in a harmonious web of nature.” Spaulding (620)

Piece of a bibliography written in MLA format*

Adams, Ansel, Ansel Adams, an Autobiography. Boston : Little, Brown, 1985.

Cohen, Michael P. The History of the Sierra Club, 1892-1970. San Francisco: Sierra
Club Books, 1998.

Spaulding, Jonathan “Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art, Commerce and Western
Tourism.” Pacific Historical Review 65 (Nov 1996): 616-625.

*MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, sixth edition

Random Paragraph on a paper, Chicago/Turbian Style (Chicago Turabian will use endnotes or footnotes)

Ansel Adams was a prominent environmentalist and a board member of the Sierra Club from 1934 until 1972. During these years, he worked alongside David Brower to promote the cause of wilderness protection and the protection of the environment. At the same time, Adams had transformed his love of wilderness camping into a highly successful career of backcountry photography. His first extensive high Sierra trip was in 1920. Leading a laden burro and carrying a thirty-pound pack of photographic equipment, Adams spent the summer photographing Yosemite.[1] It was a vocation that would continue for years, sometimes as an assistant manager of the Sierra Club outings and others times as a solitary backpacker. He loved the wilderness experiences but his focus was always on his photographic work.[2] The fine art images that resulted from these summer trips were especially influential in encouraging future backpackers to explore the remote mountain wilderness. Adams’ photographs were grandiose interpretations of the wilderness in which Adams, according to historian Jonathan Spaulding, “portrayed the national parks as sanctuaries for the worship of nature…linked in a harmonious web of nature.”[3] Yosemite National Park was one of his favorite locations and the source of some of his best-known pictures. The popularity of his photographs did much to increase the appeal of visiting the Park.[4]

      [1] Ansel Adams, Ansel Adams: An Autobiography (Boston: Little Brown and Company,
                1985), 59-60.
      [2] Ibid., 140-142.
     [3] Jonathan Spaulding, “Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art, Commerce and Western Tourism.”
                 Pacific Historical Review. v.65 n4 (Nov 1996): 616.
      [4] Jonathan Spaulding, 630.

Piece of a bibliography, written in Chicago/Turabian Style

Adams, Ansel. Ansel Adams: An Autobiography. Boston: Little Brown and Company.
     1985.

Cohen, Michael P. The History of the Sierra Club: 1892-1970. San Francisco: Sierra
     Club Books, 1988.

Spaulding, Jonathan. “Yosemite and Ansel Adams: Art, Commerce and Western
      Tourism.” Pacific Historical Review 65 (Nov 1996): 616.

Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition
A Manual fro Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations by Kate L. Turabian, 6th edition
MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, by Joseph Gibaldi, 6th edition
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th edition

NOTE:
It is very important to follow the find details of the assigned style guide. The following is the same paragraph but this time using the MLA Handbook For Writers Of Research Papers by the Modern Language Association. Notice that, though they look similar, there are significant differences in how the in-text citations are listed and how the citations are listed with the bibliography. It is important to pay close attention to those details.

* Disclaimer: These samples are lecture purposes only and may contain errors. Always consult the full style guide when writing your paper. A copy of style guides are kept in the library at the Reference Desk or may be purchased at the bookstore.

7. Introducing REFWORKS:

RefWorks is a web-based bibliographic management service used for storing and organizing citations, as well as automatically formatting and producing bibliographies. It is similar to EndNote and ProCite, but your citations are stored online rather than on your local machine and thus you must be connected to the Internet to use RefWorks.

All current CSUF people may register for a free account

For More Information

Cynthia Bruns, An administrative page of the Paulina June & George Pollak Library at California State University, Fullerton.(c) 2006 California State University, Fullerton. http://www.library.fullerton.edu All rights reserved. Last Updated: 09 Feb 2009 .